#source/youtube#human-behaviorism#robert-sapolsky
how endrocrine come to exist, justification for it’s existance
when multicellular stuff arrive, mreka butuh cara buat berkomunikasi satu sama lain. they need a way to spread the words around, so that other cell know what the other cell needs, and biar semuanya up to date mengenai informasi terbaru, so that everyone one the same page.
salah satu cara buat ngelakuin ini adalah dengan endocrine. it’s a slow, long range and very widespread way of communication
perbandingan cara sel berkomunikasi. yg mo dibahas disini itu endocrine
what do endrocine enable?
ada 2 major things we can do with endocrine.
dua hal yang bisa dilakukan dengan endocrine
peptide hormone and steroid hormones
- fun fact
neurotransmitter can be hormone. neurotransmitter itu refer to ‘messanger chemicals in synapse’. nek hormone, ‘messanger chemicals in blood’. contoh e dopamine, nek dopamine ended up in blood, yo dee termasuk neurotransmitter
jargon
💡 lipophilic = hidrophobic = non polar
liking of lipid. dee isa go through phospholipid bilayer
cellular membrane isa ngelewati phospolipid bilayer, karena dia suka lipid.
- here’s a general idea, something you need to know
it’s very important for a receptor to be able to differentiate hormone, soale mereka strukture relative mirip.
apa akibat dari beda sifat dari 2 malem hormone?
travel in blood
peptide
stream freely nde blood, soale water soluble
steroid
need chaperones(kek sebuah thing lain seng ditempeli mbe dee) biar isa stream nde blood, soale gk water soluble
interaction with target cell
peptide
notice nek peptide receptor itu ada cellular membrane sebuah cell. because of this, mereak disebut secondary messsanger cell. so it trigger a ‘cascade respon’(kek ngetrigger hal lain).
itu main effect: protein activity, soale mereka biasa e bereaksi e dengan protein floating around nde dalem e cell. kenapa ini dimention? soale nek steroid hormone beda.
steroid
mereka isa diffuse, masuk membarane cell. jdi mereka isa langsung bereaksi di dalem nukleus, jdi ngurus urusan transcription.
bisa juga receptor e floating around nde sitoplasma.
how body release hormone
endocrine gland is the organ that release hormone.
notice nek nde otak itu ada 2 biji endocrine gland, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. mereka itu seng ngontrol the other glands nde badan.
urutan ‘otw releasing hormone’
brain → hypothalamus → pituitary
on brain
pituitary dibagi jadi dua, anterior sama posterior. mereka sekresi hormone seng berbeda.
ada 2 cara seng berbeda buat menyuruh pituitary release hormone.
kalo seng nde anterior, carane itu hypothalamus sekresi hormone e travel in blood, sampe ke pembuluh darah nde ‘lembah seng lebih deket ke anterior(liat gambar’ tros akhire ada receptor nde pituitary e, tros ke trigger buat release something(liat gambar, itu dari hypothalamus ada neuron seng release neurotransmitter, masuk ke blood(yaa jadi hormone) tros ke tangkep sama receptor nde pituitary)
notice nek hormone nde anterior, isa disingkat jdi FLATPEG
nek seng posterior, di trigger e bkn pake hormone di pembuluh darah, tapi pake neuron dari hypothalamus ke posterior pituitary (liat gambar, sisi kanan lembah itu gambar neuron)
contoh perjalanan hormone dri ‘disuruh’ sampe ke sekresi
hypothalamus release CRH nde blood,
ketangkep anterior pituitary, tros release ACTH and travel seluruh badan,
ditangkep adrenal cortex, release cortisol.
cortisol e travel nde seluruh badan, tros kalo ada yg punya receptor, ya di terima :v. ditangkep, nah hypothalamus and pituitary ada receptor e,
jdi ketangkep nde hypothalamus and pituitary, tros ‘man it’s too much nde blood’, tros diturunin produksi e(makae disebut negative feedback)
tentang how hormone effect neuron
so hormone isa nge efek neuron. ada 3 pertanyaan seng rosoe summaries what to know,
blood brain barrier
i don’t really understand this, tpi rosoe tentang ‘kan hormon e ada nde darah, gimana carae dee isa masuk ke otak’. jdi ada yg disebut blood brain barrier.
rosoe carae sama seh mbe laine, yo kek peptide hormon isa bind nde surface e, tros steroid hormon iso langsung tembus2 an. intie aware o nek it’s not that strainght forward dari darah ke otak, ada path with their own challenges yg harus dilalui dulu
locattion,
one part isa rame nde suatu receptor, ada juga seng ngga. nothings kek out of the world, ya lokasi receptor e tergantung fungsi organ e misal.
contoh gambar nde atas, hipocampus rame mbe receptor, ben dee iso react to negative feedback dengan lebih peka
type,
dalam satu individu isa ada macem2 type receptor. isa juga variasi dalam spesies.
how many,
higher receptor count, higher sensitivity
ada hubungane sama hormone count pisan, they can regulate each other
what can hormone do after it bind to a nearon?
itu 3 biji di kanan bawah jawabane
intie, hormone can influence neuron, akhire isa influence behaviour
summary
