#source/youtube#human-behaviorism#robert-sapolsky
oke, bedain inherited sama heritability
inherited itu yang hubungannya sama offspring, you have pretty good sense of what this is. ‘if you have this gene, you have this feature’, itu inherited.
jangan ketuker sama inheritability. kesalahan e itu biasane disamakan.
tentang many discipline.
mereka bukan ‘satu bener dan laine salah’
- tapi mreka itu differnet level of explenanation over the same problem.
- tentang mreka punya sebuah pertanyaan yang sama, and how broad or how deep you want to go.
- when first discipline say ‘okay thats enough of an answer, im satisfied with that’, itu menjadi the start line for another disipline.
intermezzo
hyphothesis is educated guesses. it’s guesses, but educated, whatever educated means(based on science, dkk)
lesson kalo nemu suatu claim
always ask,‘is this a big effect?’ ‘anak cowok lebih pinter daripada cewe’, tanyao ‘seberapa lebih?’
how social organism, recognize kin?
weird studies, sperm recognize kin.
ini terjadi di deer mouse. here’s a prerequisite, mreka mate dengan cara, many sperm in one body. so sperm e kompetisi satu sama lain, and they tend to cooperate more dengan sperm dari organism yg sama, organism kin, and the least dengan random male organism. cooperate how, you ask. mreka isa swim ‘stronger’ nek clump up together. so they tend to clump with themself, then their relative.
💡 single cells can do it, can recognize kin. jdi gaharus complex organism
new word, olfaction - sense of smell
okay, so this is how you recognize yourself.
you have a unique ID, major histocompatibility complex, sebuah protein yang digunakan sebagai ID oleh selmu. jadi semua selmu, punya this protein in it’s surface, telling you ‘this cell is from this body’ and if it doesn’t have it, yo palengo dari luar.
this things can float around in your blood, gk or apalah, intie gk harus terikat pada sebuah sel. endinge nde pipismu ada, nde bau ketekmu ada. so pas kon ngecium bau pipismu, you know that this pee iku dari kon.
dan MHC ini menunjukkan degree of relatedness pisan. MHC mbe sibling lebih mirip dari cousin, cousin lebih mirip dari stranger.
‘pheromone’
so how your olfactory determine if this is yours or someone else’s?
pake idungmu. nde idungmu kek akeh receptor seng isa sense MHC iki, dan if many of them, let’s say triggered, activated, maybe 1000/1000, brarti ‘oh iki bauku’ dan kalo seng ke trigger iku 100/1000 then ‘oh iki strangers.
here’s a yucky fact.
kita gabole inbreed, nti anake cacat. tapi kita kalo terlalu outbreed, susah kin cooperation. so ada yang bikin study dan yang didapet adalah, optimal mate partner is around third cousin. yuck, jijik ae.
kok MHC bisa unik?
benernya lebih cocok pertanyaan, kok bisa MHC itu unique dan gada yang sama? dari ‘jumping gene’. ini strech of gene seng unique tiap orang, basikli chance e kecil banget sampe ada orang dengan MHC seng sama.
here’s what oxytocin and vassopressin does.
💡 mreka menjadikan kita lebih hebat dalam membedakan relatif dengan nonrelatif
‘ini relatifku, ini bkn’ carae dengan add receptor, 100 receptor is better at recognizing relative than 10 receptor.
here’s a cool fact.
pas mother lagi hamil, olfactory e mreka di rombak, di renov, harapan e biar lebih prima dalam menentukkan, ‘oh ini anakku sungguan’. mungkin iki ngaruh ke ibu2 yg lagi hamil, jdi sensitif ke bau ato apalah.
imprint
apa itu imprint? katae dosen e ‘about how a mother recognize it’s baby, about how a baby recognize it’s mother.’ iki tentang ‘stamping’ tentang ngecap ‘oh iki anakku’.
how do you this stamping?
it’s not fix beda2. salah satue gini, misal waktu lahir anake langsung dijilat, so ‘oh it smells like my saliva, it must be my child’
kenapa kita tau nek gada teknik ‘ngecap’ seng fix?
nek kon cross foster, anak e tetep diurus.
‘oh this child doesn’t smell like my saliva, but there’s no mother around and i have just gave birth to a similiar children kalo ngeliat dari umur e, so i guess this is my child’
so why do we have MHC relative mirip mbe sodara, if we doesn’t use it? kita kok make e imprinting?
gak dijelasno, aku mek kepikiran ae. apakah karena MHC gk efektif? kenapa badan e organism e gk develop ben iso kuat pol dalam mbedain MHC? i dono
new word, innate - inborn. dari lahir wes ada
how does human recognize relative?
we do it cognitively. we don’t use smell. ‘aku baru ngelahirno dan cuman ada 1 anak di room ini, this must be my child’, ‘i only sex with this guy, so this must be the father’
baboon do cognitive recognition too buat nentuin ‘iki anake sopo’
fusiform cortex
this is a brain part which responsible for recognizing facial. remarkable, he said.
kalo ada orang autistic, this brain part doesn’t do a whole lot.
other animal have this part too, bahkan pigeon.
human don’t recognize relative completely from cognitive
contohe ngene, nde israel ada sistem ‘melihara anak barengan’ jdi ngurus e bareng2 nek mreka like in a same age group. they play together bath together, eat together.
and then pas wes gede, mreka gada seng kawin mbe orang seng di besarin barengan, within 6 years of their life. even though mreka tau nek itu bkn beneran sodara, but it feels like siblings to them, jdi mereka gamau.
pseudokinship, psuedo speciation
iki gk bener2 dibahas, but we are easily driven buat mikir ‘this is us, that people is them’.katae,‘this will haunt us big time when we’re trying to understand human behaviour’, we are not purely rational
so to summarize, kita nge recognize relative pake
- olfactory stimulation
- major histocompatibility complex stuff
- voice
- cognitive stuff