2. behavioral evolution one - Human Behavioral Biology

#source/youtube#human-behaviorism#robert-sapolsky

💡 animal do not behave for the good of the species. animal behave to maximize the number of gene they leave to the next generation. sometimes they overlap, but seng bener iku aslie seng statement kedua

• not survival of the fittest, reproduction of the fittest

aku jek gk bener2 understand iki

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diulang lagi ya

💡 oke animal behave to maxinimze the number of gene they leave to the next generation.

gimana carae? §

cara pertama §

the most straight forward way, is to maximize me reproduce myself, my own gene. iki individual selection.

cara kedua §

semakin deket relatifmu, keluargamu, deket secara blood line ato apalah, the more copies of their gene shared to you

• fun fact,
  identical twins share 100% of gene
  full sibling 50 (sodara kandung)
  half 25 (sodara 1 bapak atau sodara 1 ibu)

the second way to do this , itu dengan maximizing it on your kin, your relative, your sibling, even if it is at the cost of your personal chance. but guess what, it doesn’t really matter bcos you share the same gene(misal aku ngerelain diriku biar 2 sodaraku isa bereproduksi, total 2 sodaraku kek 50% of me dan jadilah 1 diriku. kalo sepupu, 1 diriku equals 8 sepupuku.”gimana kalo ada overlap” aku gatau, ga di address di lecture, lets just assume gada). kin selection namae.

cara ketiga §

💡 cooperation has a strong evolutionary pay off, even in non sibling. 2 macam punya chance lebih gede to get a kill than one.
but it has a condition, kon gk mbati lebih dari seng mbo kasi.
namae resiprocal altruism

here are some rule dalam ngelakuin itu

• you should cheat when you can get away with it
• you should be able to detect when other are cheating on you.

so this one is a bit more complicated. in order to be pretty good at this strategies, and this is one powerful strategies(ya ‘kerjasama’ ini powerful lah, make sense), you should be able to know when to cooperate and when to cheat.

jadi ben kene iso apik dalam ngelakuin strategi iki, we learn about them, and kita sekarang kenal knowledge about this sebagai game theory.

💡 prisoner’s dilemma iku cukup bagus dalam melakukan ini. disitu kon isa cooperate, kon isa cheat, dan itu simple. dee isa ngecover basic e dengan tidak mempersulit other things.

naration time, §

so people learn this game, mempelajari cara mbikin dee efektif, tepate “apa strategi seng paleng efektif buat maen prisoner’s dilemma” dan jawabane itu strategi tit for tat. orang seng menemukan bahwa strategi ini seng paleng efektif itu punya banyak strategi, trus ngerjainne pake round-robin tournament, or all-play-all tournament. sesuai namae, semua strategi battle mbe kabeh strategi. penemue robert axelrod, masi idup bos waktu aku nulis ini, umur 78 tahun.

but yeah.. §

ada salah2 e aslie, itu bkn strategi bener2 paleng efektif. muncul lah pisan forgiving tit for tat(fTfT)(lebih cocok buat kalo ada noise dalam penyampaian informasi, salah paham gitu) tros ada pisan pavlov strategy.

iki benere bkn dari biology tapi dari ekonomi or else lah, pokoke bkn biology. then orang2 nde biology look at this thing, tros ngecek apakah ini terjadi nde animal realm, and they do. so greaat. animal conduct in this resiprocal altruistic things, and they have some kind of strategies untuk tetap mencapai tujuan mereka.

but there are something weird. §

contohe ndek singa. experiment nge ‘attack’ singa (palsu lah, carae naruh suara singa lain ditaruh di bush gitu, biar dikira ada kompetisi gitulah), tros selalu ada singa yg gk bener2 maju sampe depan, slalu nde blakang. harusnya kan di somewhat punish karena ini, setidaknya begitu menurut tit for tat, pokoke strategi seng involve punishing lah(many animals use strategies that involve punishing, i guess. the lecture doesn’t state that explicitly, im just assuming), but singa blakang terus dibelakang dan gk di punish.

so why? §

jawabane soale maybe that singa play important role nde hal laen. to keep it up with game theory, in other word, mreka gk cuman maen satu game prisoner’s dilemma, they’re playing more than one, many games. this is the real world, kita maen banyak game sekaligus. gk cuman itu, kita maen against banyak orang, reward and punishment e beda2, tros kon iso tau strategi seng pernah dipake orang lain berdasarkan history (you know his ‘reputation’ the lecturer say, maybe it’s the definition of reputation). we’re playing a much more complicated games

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di lecture iki pisan dee sempet mbahas tentang “how we can determine a species way of living by looking at it physicly.” kek nek lanang e ukuran e gede, dee cenderung tournament species. nek ukuran lanang wedok e relatif sama, dee cenderung pair bonding species. aku agak bingung hubungane sama materi yg sebelum e, but yeah dee ngajarno iki. mungkin emang bridging e jelek ae :v