#source/youtube#human-behaviorism#robert-sapolsky
membahas tentang macro mutation
mbahas tentang mutation in regulator gene nde promoter, splicing factor.
berikut contoh2nya
vassopressin
ada hewan namae vole, kek hamster gitu lah. iku ada seng monogami, ada seng poligami. dan iku bedae nde promoter e mreka, mreka punya promoter yg berbeda. iki iso dimodif sama manusia, gene therapy that sort of things tros akhire kon isa ngubah male seng poligami jadi monogami. iki mutasi nde promoter e vasopressin receptor.
💡 vasopressin iku hormon yg hubungane mbe male social sex interaction ngenelah.
iki ada nde manusia pisan hayo. ngaruh ke chance cerai mu, hayolo dimana freewill mu.
💡 dosen e menekankan, kalo DNA iki cara kerja e kek If/then. if this promoter activated, then mbikin protein network seng iki.
nah, mutasi nde promoter and splicing factor iki if/then seng luweh potent. if promoter e keganti, kon iso ganti sifat, contohe yo vole poligami jadi vole mongami.
dymoprhin
iki hormon seng kek hubungane mbe pain perception, ada hubungane mbe morphine etc.
hasil research e ngene, number of copies of promoter nde dymorphin gene iku ngaruh ke how addicted they are to different drug.
next changes, mutation in transcription factor (pen-trigger).
fun fact, salah satu perbedaan besar manusia dengan chimp itu ndek transcription factor e.
the most interesting changes happen if yg berubah itu nde regulator e, bkn nde kode protein e.
fun fact
💡 the longer the gene, makin banyak persentase regulator e.
iki make sense, nek gene mu mek 1, mek ada 1 cara buat ngelakuin hal itu. nek genemu ada 3, ada 7 cara buat ngeprint.much more kan.
‘transposon’, transposable element, jumping gene
history
Barbara McClintock. iki history e agak keren. dee scientist seng dibilang goblok karena transposon dianggep ‘gamasuk akal woi, kon gendeng’ tros puluhan taun kemudian, akhire baru orang percaya. tros dapet nobel haha.
what is transposon?
jadi transposon itu, sebuah mekanisme organisme buat membuat novel varian of a gene. disebut ‘jumping gene’, kita nge mix match, ngotak ngatik sampe keluar new type.
contoh ketika kita melakukan transposon
kita ngelakuin ini pas lagi diserang sama novel patogen. ada patogen baru, bahkan disintesis gitu jdi gk pernah ada, tros few days or weeks later, badan kita wes punya antibodi e. kok bisa? soalnya badan kita ke induced, buat ngelakuin transposable gene ini, making so much novel antibodi dengan harapan ketemu satu yang cocok.
our brain does this too. our brain ‘shuffle itself’, making high amount of variabilty
what does this do?
bisa bikin new ‘if then’. kok bisa? pindahen ae promoter e ke strand baru.
contohe
1
if dehidrasi then ginjal do water retention. —>
if dehidrasi then ovulate.
what you get is seasonal mating yay, kalo lgi kemarau then mate, biar waktu anak e lahir itu lagi musim basah.
2
if punya anak then … ( gk ngerti biasane ngapain),
—>if punya anak then turunin antibodi.
what you get is mother gk ngebunuh bayi di perut yey.
thoughts, iki kek intentional mutation
why isn’t this disastrous?
kita punya multiple gene
dengan adanya multiple gene yang sama, kon isa membiarkan 1 nya does its own job, tros 1 e mbok otak atik.
macro mutation, condong ke punctuated equilibrium.
changes usually aren’t very useful, so you get statis. tros at somepoint bakal ada evolutionary bottleneck, artie hanya ada selected trait seng bakal tembus/survive, jadilah rapid changes.
💡 btw yang aku maksud dengan macro mutation,
changes in regulator gene, promotor, splicing, transcription factor. tros ada transposon and multiple gene.
gradualism and puncuated equilbrium, can you have them both?
yes,
if you have many punctuated equilibrium( kan trait e juga ada banyak), you will get gradualism.
yey